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Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Water Productivity and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L) at Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia

Received: 10 August 2022     Accepted: 13 September 2022     Published: 29 September 2022
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Abstract

The problem of irrigation water scarcity is the major production constraints in the arid and semi-arid areas of Dire Dawa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation on water productivity and yield of onion crop. The experiment was conducted at Tony farm experimental station of Haramaya University in Dire Dawa under the furrow irrigation system. Seven irrigation treatments were replicated three times in RCBD. In the treatment combination, a full application of irrigation water (100% ETc) was used as a control treatment and Bombay red onion variety was subjected to six deficit level of treatments 90% ETc, 80% ETc, 70% ETc, 60% ETc, and 50% ETc and 40% ETc throughout the growing season. The study revealed that maximum seasonal water demand for onion (423.8 mm) was consumed by control treatment and minimum seasonal water demand was consumed by 40% ETc application level. The study revealed that full application of irrigation water (100% ETc) produces a high number of leaf per plant, plant height, leaf height, and leaf diameter than the other treatment. Maximum yield (38.09 ton/ha) was obtained by non-deficit treatment (T1) while the lowest application level of irrigation water had the lowest yield of 22.23 ton/ha. Maximum WP (12.85 kg/m3) was obtained by T7 and minimum WP (9.36 kg/m3) was obtained by T1 (control treatment). Statistically, no significant difference was observed between T4, T5, T6, and T7 in the case of WP. By saving 30% of irrigation water T4 (70% ETc application level) produce optimum WP (11.20kg/m3) than T1, T2 and T3. This implies that WP decreases with increasing application level of irrigation water up to 30% deficit. The result has shown that the minimum yield response factor (ky) was produced by T4 (application of 70% ETc) by saving 30% of irrigation water. The water saved by T4 can irrigate additional land of 0.43 hector which can produce 13.97 tons of additional onion bulb yield. The benefit cost ratio obtained by 70% ETc application of irrigation level was better than other treatments. Even though the net income of control treatment was high the benefit-cost ratio obtained by this treatment was small. Generally, the finding revealed that 70% ETc application level was the best application-level than the other treatment based on water productivity, economic visibility, total yield, and percent of yield reduction and yield response factor.

Published in American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 8, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220803.12
Page(s) 61-70
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Deficit Irrigation, Furrow Irrigation, Water Productivity, Onion

References
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[2] Allen, R. Pereira, L. A. Raes, D. Simth, M. 1998. Crop Evapotranspiration Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirement. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper Number 56, FAO, Rome.
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[4] CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center). 1988. From agronomic data to farmer recommendations: An economics-training manual. Completely Revised Edition. CIMMYT, D. F, Mexico.
[5] David K. Rop, Emmanuel C. Kipkorir and John K. Taragon. 2016. Effects of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Quality of Onion Crop. Canadian Center of Science and Education. Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 8, No. 3.
[6] Dirirsa Gobena, Abraham Woldemichael, TilahunHordofa. 2017. Effect of deficit irrigation at different growth stages on onion (Allium CepaL.) production and water productivity at Melkassa, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Acad. Res. J. Agri. Sci. Res. 5 (5): 358-365.
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[15] KetamaTazara. 2018. Effect of Soil Moisture Stress on Onion (Allium Cepa L) Production and Water Productivity at Melkassainthe Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Thesis Presented to the School of Graduate Studies of Hawasa University, Hawasa, Ethiopia,
[16] Kibret Ketama, AlemayehuBiri, MelesFurgasa, LalisaOfga and AbdulahiUmer. 2018. Participatory agricultural production constraint analysis in selected AGP – II district of Dire Dawa city administrative council, 23-24 Nov 2017, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[17] Kirda C, Moutonnet P, Hera C, Nielsen DR. 1999. Crop yield response to deficit irrigation. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
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[19] Mekonen Ayana, gebremeskelteklay, mengistu abate, fasil eshetu and melkamumada. (2015). Irrigation water pricing in awash river basin of Ethiopia: evaluation of its impact on scheme –level irrigation performance and willingness to pay.
[20] Metwally, A. K. 2011. Effect of water supply on vegetative growth and yield characteristics in onion (Allium cepa L.). Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Science 5 (12): 3016-3023.
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[23] Mugoro T, Assefa S, Getahun A (2020). Molecular Markers: Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Productivity of Onion (Allium cepa l.) under Conventional Furrow Irrigation System, in Bennatsemay Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 1 (1): 002-013.
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[25] Patel N., Rajput T. B. S. 2013. Effect of deficit irrigation on crop growth, yield and quality of onion in sub-surface drip irrigation. International Journal of Plant Production 7 (3): 417–435. DOI: 10.22069/ijpp.2013.1112.
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[27] Yetagesu Nurga, Yibekal Alemayehuand Fentaw Abegaz (2020). Effect of Deficit Irrigation Levels at Different Growth Stages on Yield and Water Productivity of Onion (Allium cepa L.) at Raya Azebo Woreda, Northern Ethiopia.
[28] YetagesuNurga. 2019. Effect Of Deficit Irrigation Levels At Different Growth Stages On Yield and Water Productivity Of Onion (Allium CepaL.) At Raya AzeboWoreda, Northern Ethiopia. Thesis Presented to the School of Graduate Studies of Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.
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    Lalisa Ofga, Teshome Seyoum, Mekonen Ayana. (2022). Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Water Productivity and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L) at Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 8(3), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220803.12

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    ACS Style

    Lalisa Ofga; Teshome Seyoum; Mekonen Ayana. Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Water Productivity and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L) at Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2022, 8(3), 61-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220803.12

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    AMA Style

    Lalisa Ofga, Teshome Seyoum, Mekonen Ayana. Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Water Productivity and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L) at Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2022;8(3):61-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220803.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20220803.12,
      author = {Lalisa Ofga and Teshome Seyoum and Mekonen Ayana},
      title = {Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Water Productivity and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L) at Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia},
      journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
      volume = {8},
      number = {3},
      pages = {61-70},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20220803.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220803.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20220803.12},
      abstract = {The problem of irrigation water scarcity is the major production constraints in the arid and semi-arid areas of Dire Dawa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation on water productivity and yield of onion crop. The experiment was conducted at Tony farm experimental station of Haramaya University in Dire Dawa under the furrow irrigation system. Seven irrigation treatments were replicated three times in RCBD. In the treatment combination, a full application of irrigation water (100% ETc) was used as a control treatment and Bombay red onion variety was subjected to six deficit level of treatments 90% ETc, 80% ETc, 70% ETc, 60% ETc, and 50% ETc and 40% ETc throughout the growing season. The study revealed that maximum seasonal water demand for onion (423.8 mm) was consumed by control treatment and minimum seasonal water demand was consumed by 40% ETc application level. The study revealed that full application of irrigation water (100% ETc) produces a high number of leaf per plant, plant height, leaf height, and leaf diameter than the other treatment. Maximum yield (38.09 ton/ha) was obtained by non-deficit treatment (T1) while the lowest application level of irrigation water had the lowest yield of 22.23 ton/ha. Maximum WP (12.85 kg/m3) was obtained by T7 and minimum WP (9.36 kg/m3) was obtained by T1 (control treatment). Statistically, no significant difference was observed between T4, T5, T6, and T7 in the case of WP. By saving 30% of irrigation water T4 (70% ETc application level) produce optimum WP (11.20kg/m3) than T1, T2 and T3. This implies that WP decreases with increasing application level of irrigation water up to 30% deficit. The result has shown that the minimum yield response factor (ky) was produced by T4 (application of 70% ETc) by saving 30% of irrigation water. The water saved by T4 can irrigate additional land of 0.43 hector which can produce 13.97 tons of additional onion bulb yield. The benefit cost ratio obtained by 70% ETc application of irrigation level was better than other treatments. Even though the net income of control treatment was high the benefit-cost ratio obtained by this treatment was small. Generally, the finding revealed that 70% ETc application level was the best application-level than the other treatment based on water productivity, economic visibility, total yield, and percent of yield reduction and yield response factor.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    T1  - Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Water Productivity and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L) at Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia
    AU  - Lalisa Ofga
    AU  - Teshome Seyoum
    AU  - Mekonen Ayana
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220803.12
    T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
    SP  - 61
    EP  - 70
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1875
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220803.12
    AB  - The problem of irrigation water scarcity is the major production constraints in the arid and semi-arid areas of Dire Dawa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation on water productivity and yield of onion crop. The experiment was conducted at Tony farm experimental station of Haramaya University in Dire Dawa under the furrow irrigation system. Seven irrigation treatments were replicated three times in RCBD. In the treatment combination, a full application of irrigation water (100% ETc) was used as a control treatment and Bombay red onion variety was subjected to six deficit level of treatments 90% ETc, 80% ETc, 70% ETc, 60% ETc, and 50% ETc and 40% ETc throughout the growing season. The study revealed that maximum seasonal water demand for onion (423.8 mm) was consumed by control treatment and minimum seasonal water demand was consumed by 40% ETc application level. The study revealed that full application of irrigation water (100% ETc) produces a high number of leaf per plant, plant height, leaf height, and leaf diameter than the other treatment. Maximum yield (38.09 ton/ha) was obtained by non-deficit treatment (T1) while the lowest application level of irrigation water had the lowest yield of 22.23 ton/ha. Maximum WP (12.85 kg/m3) was obtained by T7 and minimum WP (9.36 kg/m3) was obtained by T1 (control treatment). Statistically, no significant difference was observed between T4, T5, T6, and T7 in the case of WP. By saving 30% of irrigation water T4 (70% ETc application level) produce optimum WP (11.20kg/m3) than T1, T2 and T3. This implies that WP decreases with increasing application level of irrigation water up to 30% deficit. The result has shown that the minimum yield response factor (ky) was produced by T4 (application of 70% ETc) by saving 30% of irrigation water. The water saved by T4 can irrigate additional land of 0.43 hector which can produce 13.97 tons of additional onion bulb yield. The benefit cost ratio obtained by 70% ETc application of irrigation level was better than other treatments. Even though the net income of control treatment was high the benefit-cost ratio obtained by this treatment was small. Generally, the finding revealed that 70% ETc application level was the best application-level than the other treatment based on water productivity, economic visibility, total yield, and percent of yield reduction and yield response factor.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Fedis Agricultural Research Center, Harar, Ethiopia

  • Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia

  • Department of Water Resource Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia

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